Alchemists believed hydrargyrum was close to gold so named it after the planet closest to the Sun, which is Mercury. The symbol Hg for Mercury is taken from Greek hydrargyros (liquid silver or quicksilver in English) resulting in hydrargyrum. The symbol Pb for Lead is taken from Latin plumbum probably derived from an earlier language than Greek. The symbol Fe for Iron is taken from Latin errum which means iron or sword. The symbol Au for Gold is taken from Latin aurum (yellow) and from aurora (dawn). The symbol Cu for Copper is taken from Latin Cuprum a contraction of Cyprian metal from Cyprus which was famous for copper. The symbol Sb for Antimony is taken from Latin stibium, Greek stíbi which means eye paint because antimony was used in eye cosmetics. Here’s a list of chemical elements with symbols which do NOT match their names with explanations: Most of the abbreviations for elements are derived from Latin. Why do some elements have names which do not match its symbol? 18 columns: Columns are used to group together chemical elements which share similar properties.7 rows: Each row represents a period and includes chemical elements ordered by the number of protons in their nucleus.Elements which share similar properties are called congeners and (by skipping columns) are grouped together as follows: The last element in each row has a full shell of electrons so these elements are the least reactive and most stable. The first element in each row has just one electron in its outer shell which means it is unstable and the most reactive. All the elements in the second row (second period) have two orbitals for their electrons, as so on for the other periods. For example all the elements in the top row (period) has one orbital of its electrons. All of the elements in the second row (the second period) have two orbitals for their electrons.Ĭhemical elements are grouped into periods (rows), ordered by their atomic number, which have the same number of atomic orbitals. For example, every element in the top row (the first period) has one orbital for its electrons. What does “Periodic” mean in the periodic table?Įlements in a period have the same number of atomic orbitals. All the metals lie on the left side of the zig-zag line while all the nonmetals lie on the right side.Frequently Asked Questions About the Periodic Table. The metalloid elements lie along the border of this zig-zag line. The three traditional types of elements can be clearly shown in the modern periodic table with the help of this zig-zag line. A zig-zag line can be drawn in the p-block of the periodic table. The d-block elements are called transition elements. Groups 3 to 12 constitute the d-block, while the lanthanide and actinide series at the bottom form the f-block. The groups 13 to 18 constitute the p-block. The entire periodic table is divided into four blocks, viz, s-block, p-block, d-block and f-block. Periods - In periodic table elements are arranged in a series of rows. Elements of the same period have the same number of electron shells.Each column is called a group. All elements in a group have similar chemical and physical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. Groups - There are 18 vertical columns in the periodic table.The modern periodic table is based on modern periodic law. The Modern periodic law states that The chemical and physical properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers. Periodic Table: It is the table of chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number such that elements with similar atomic structure appear in the vertical columns.
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